Issues Relating to Arbitration in Outsourcing Contracts Essay

Issues Relating to Arbitration in Outsourcing Contracts - Essay Example The essay "Issues Relating to Arbitration in Outsourcing Contracts" aims to find out how a foreign arbitral award can be implemented or get annulled by Indian courts. The Indian Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996- section 48 deals with the stipulations for the implementation of foreign awards in India. The reasons for refusal to implement a foreign award in India are that of analogs to the New York Convention. As per section 48 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1966 of India, the ground for setting aside for a foreign arbitral award would be any of the following: †¢ If a party to the contract was under some incapability; or †¢ Under the governing law, if the arbitration agreement was not valid; †¢ No proper notice of either the arbitral proceedings or the appointment of the arbitrator was given to any of the parties; †¢ If the award exceeds its scope of the submission; †¢ If the award is pertaining to a dispute not agreed by or not falling within the purview of the subject matter of the arbitration. †¢ If the arbitral procedure or the composition of the arbitral tribunal was not in tune with the consent of the parties; †¢ Arbitration process may not be used for arriving at a conclusion as the subject matter of arbitration is so grave; †¢ Where the arbitral award is against the public policy of India. It is to be noted that even if a nation is a signatory to the New York Convention, it doesn't automatically connote that an arbitral award passed in such a nation would be enforceable in India.

Midieval Literature Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Midieval Literature - Term Paper Example The given paper will discuss the sources for The Canterbury Tales, specifically The Clerk’s tale, and investigate the differences between the versions of the story provided by different authors. The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer represents a great diversity of stories narrated by many people. This diversity brings to conclusion that the sources the author took for this literary creation are very different. Such conclusion in its turn makes us think of the causes Chaucers had for writing some of the stories met in The Canterbury Tales and his reasons for using definite sources. The most worth-researching connection is the bound between  the story called The Clerks Tale  and its source. The alterations made by the author of The Clerks Tale  to the tale of Griselda show Chaucers wish to make his own deep and profound investigation of the age-old problems connected with marriage by researching the way of thinking of a husband and a wife (Smith, 2008). The first source of the tale defined by Chaucer himself is the work of Petrarch. Some place in the tale seems to be exactly copied from the source. Chaucer not only reflects the thoughts of Petrarch but even uses his words in some sentences. However, Petrarch can’t be called the main source for The Canterbury Tales. There is another creation that played more important role. It is The Decameron by Giovanni Boccaccio, mainly his story of Griselda that represents the main source for The Clerk’s Tale. Actually, Chaucer himself did not say any word about this source and this is not surprising – not only the clerk’s tale, but many other stories included in The Canterbury Tales have their origin in Boccaccios The Decameron. The similarity is so obvious that it can be even assumed that Chaucer communicated with Boccaccio, but preferred to conceal this fact (Smith, 2008). Two abovementioned creators are considered to be the sources used by Chaucer for The Clerks Tale. However, the

The Cornish Villages 4G Trial report Coursework

The Cornish Villages 4G Trial report - Coursework Example 4G enables full fledged IP based communication through a mobile device with every device having a unique IP address and harmonizing â€Å"global roaming, super high speed connectivity, and transparent end user performance† (www.4Gtechnology.com). BT Wholesale and Everything Everywhere (EE) have begun a trial run of 4G technology to provide broadband services to St. Newlyn East and South Newquay in Cornwall. The project has called for 200 subscribers to register for the service that would enable them to receive broadband through mobile and landline services. This report studies the technical, social, user, legal and policy aspects related to this project of implementing 4G in the Cornish villages, to understand the main challenges during the process of implementation. Technical background BT Wholesale along with EE has identified the two Cornish villages to be connected for trial implementation of 4G/LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology through mobile broadband that is 10Mb of the total 150Mb generated in the lab. This project aims to prove that mobile broadband technology is more viable than laying of fibre. This project aims to study the viability of integrating two different providers’ architectures to deliver high speed broadband to remote villages within UK. High resolution mobile devices when connected to 4G technology enable streaming video and ubiquitous computing. Technologies like wireless mesh networks and cognitive radio networks are used to allocate equal network traffic over equal bandwidths to ensure secure connections. UMTS, OFDM, SDR, TD-SCDMA, MIMO and to the some extent, WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability of Microwave Access) are used in 4G (freewimaxinfo.com). While seamless broadband connections are available for users, the connections receive and can send data from WiMAX towers, switching from one tower to the other, being based on IP (Tandall, 2011). IEEE’s (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.22 â₠¬Ëœwhite space Internet’ standard is being used to allow wireless broadband through analogue television signal frequency range of 54MHz to 698MHz. This standard enables lower speeds over higher range of spectrum to cover remote areas that were difficult to connect through 3G internet. White space internet ‘wireless regional area networks’ (WRANs) provide access to at least 62 miles with speeds of 22Mbs which can cover wide areas in the remote villages of Cornwall (Philips, 2011). High speed data with high security and instant download is enabled by 4G which is based on WiMAX and LTE and supports WiMAX Network system (network infrastructure) and mobile phone set. 4G technology enabled smartphones are based on wireless IP connectivity and manages voice data through packet-switching instead of circuit-switching as in the case of internet technology of 3G. Further, LTE which is developed on radio wave technology is said to provide internet facility using both systems as it is compatible with 3G technologies. This feature enables existing networks to be used based on MIMO (Multiple input multiple output) and transmits and receives high data transfer speed while transiting from one mode to another through the same bandwidths (freewimaxinfo.com). Switching from analogue to digital broadcasting services as per the ‘Digital Agenda’, the 800MHz digital dividend sub-band consisting of 790-862MHz

Hotel Industry Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 12000 words

Hotel Industry - Dissertation Example Presently, there have been a number of sectors emerging to share the commercial space. With time these sectors have taken up the shape of industries which are immensely successful and contributing to the economy of the country. The specialization of the industries has made way for affluent economies of the world. This is also testimony to the flourishing financial condition of the people who are an indispensable part of the successful outcome. This further goes to explain the series of changes which have been taking place over the decade. Since the past decade there has been a lot of activities and movement of people from one place to another, there have been more and more people traveling to different destinations of the world. The tourism industry has been one of the many industries which have active and growing with time. There has been a considerable change in the hospitality industry which is a very related to the tourism industry. It would be appropriate to say that, the hospit ality industry has come to prominence in the past decade and has been one of the most important industries contributing to the financial affluence of the country. The success and the growing influence of the hospitality and its close relation to the hotel industry have been a matter of great interest to a number of researchers for a long time and there have been a number of researchers related to this. Two of the important factors in both of these industries is the satisfaction of the customers and the brand loyalty.

The Cornish Villages 4G Trial report Coursework

The Cornish Villages 4G Trial report - Coursework Example 4G enables full fledged IP based communication through a mobile device with every device having a unique IP address and harmonizing â€Å"global roaming, super high speed connectivity, and transparent end user performance† (www.4Gtechnology.com). BT Wholesale and Everything Everywhere (EE) have begun a trial run of 4G technology to provide broadband services to St. Newlyn East and South Newquay in Cornwall. The project has called for 200 subscribers to register for the service that would enable them to receive broadband through mobile and landline services. This report studies the technical, social, user, legal and policy aspects related to this project of implementing 4G in the Cornish villages, to understand the main challenges during the process of implementation. Technical background BT Wholesale along with EE has identified the two Cornish villages to be connected for trial implementation of 4G/LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology through mobile broadband that is 10Mb of the total 150Mb generated in the lab. This project aims to prove that mobile broadband technology is more viable than laying of fibre. This project aims to study the viability of integrating two different providers’ architectures to deliver high speed broadband to remote villages within UK. High resolution mobile devices when connected to 4G technology enable streaming video and ubiquitous computing. Technologies like wireless mesh networks and cognitive radio networks are used to allocate equal network traffic over equal bandwidths to ensure secure connections. UMTS, OFDM, SDR, TD-SCDMA, MIMO and to the some extent, WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability of Microwave Access) are used in 4G (freewimaxinfo.com). While seamless broadband connections are available for users, the connections receive and can send data from WiMAX towers, switching from one tower to the other, being based on IP (Tandall, 2011). IEEE’s (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.22 â₠¬Ëœwhite space Internet’ standard is being used to allow wireless broadband through analogue television signal frequency range of 54MHz to 698MHz. This standard enables lower speeds over higher range of spectrum to cover remote areas that were difficult to connect through 3G internet. White space internet ‘wireless regional area networks’ (WRANs) provide access to at least 62 miles with speeds of 22Mbs which can cover wide areas in the remote villages of Cornwall (Philips, 2011). High speed data with high security and instant download is enabled by 4G which is based on WiMAX and LTE and supports WiMAX Network system (network infrastructure) and mobile phone set. 4G technology enabled smartphones are based on wireless IP connectivity and manages voice data through packet-switching instead of circuit-switching as in the case of internet technology of 3G. Further, LTE which is developed on radio wave technology is said to provide internet facility using both systems as it is compatible with 3G technologies. This feature enables existing networks to be used based on MIMO (Multiple input multiple output) and transmits and receives high data transfer speed while transiting from one mode to another through the same bandwidths (freewimaxinfo.com). Switching from analogue to digital broadcasting services as per the ‘Digital Agenda’, the 800MHz digital dividend sub-band consisting of 790-862MHz

Immigration Today Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Immigration Today - Essay Example It is best to understand first the three major theories of immigrant and ethnic-group integration. The theories are the classic and new assimilation models, the racial/ethnic disadvantage model, and the segmented assimilation model. West Indies, South Asia, Koreans and Cubans considered as the Black Americans because of their color. They have been a victim of racial discrimination and racism. The classic assimilation theory sees immigrant/ethnic and majority groups following a "straight-line" convergence, becoming more similar over time in norms, values, behaviors, and characteristics. This theory expects those immigrants residing the longest in the host society, as well as the members of later generations, to show greater similarities with the majority group than immigrants who have spent less time in the host society. However, old West Indies remains with their culture and beliefs because of the discrimination and racism they experience from white Americans. The second generation of West Indies were able to adopt their belief and values in education. In employment most of them were engaged in self-employment, to avoid discrimination and racism. South Indians, Koreans and Cubans also believe in self employment because of the same reasons of discrimination and racism. ... West Indies, South Asians, Koreans and Cubans live on a community where most of the same origins stay. They usually live together to ensure that they will have a mutual support in an alien land. Immigrants such as West Indies, South Asians, Koreans and Cubans, to the United States tended to maintain a strong national, cultural, and ethnic identity to their homelands. Barriers usually blocked their assimilation. Because immigrants compare socioeconomic opportunities in the host country to those in their countries of origin, they may not perceive these barriers. However, by the second or third generations, they may realize that the goal of full assimilation may be more difficult and take longer than originally presumed. Segmented assimilation is a combination of the straight line assimilation and the racial ethnic disadvantage model. In this model others have noted that some members of immigrant groups become cut off from economic mobility, others find multiple pathways to assimilation depending on their national origins, socioeconomic status, contexts of reception in the United States, and family resources, both social and financial. They theorize that structural barriers, such as poor urban schools, cut off access to employment and other opportunities - obstacles that often are particularly severe in the case of the most disadvantaged members of immigrant groups. Such impediments can lead to stagnant or downward mobility, even as the children of other immigrants follow divergent paths toward classic straight-line assimilation. The 1965 immigration and nationally act has increased the numbers of Asians and other nationality to migrate in US. The revision of this act has helped the immigrants to lessen the

Spanish Settlements and New England Colonies - 17th Century Essay Example for Free

Spanish Settlements and New England Colonies 17th Century Essay The Spanish began exploring America with â€Å"gold, glory and God† large in their minds. Cortes and the other conquistadors had conquered the empires of the South and Central Americas, but Spain wanted more. The Spanish explorers heard of great riches and cities built of gold northward, so that is where they headed, eventually arriving at what is now the southwest portion of the USA. The other Spanish goal was to convert the Native Americans to Catholicism. The British on the other hand, went to settle in New England to escape the religious persecution that they had to withstand in Europe. They came to America to be able to worship their gods in the manner of their choosing, and not in the way that their king or government decided they had to. Another reason they came to New England was because of the lack of jobs in Britain. So while both Spain and England came to America partly to gain riches, England wasn’t as blinded by gold as Spain was. Also, though both countries founded settlements, the Spanish were not looking to stay there permanently. They wanted to focus on converting the â€Å"savages† and stealing their gold and riches and getting back home to Spain. The English wanted to make a new home, though at this point they still considered themselves to be under the British crown, and had no aspirations to make their own country. Their reasons for coming to America were not all that set them apart however. They also had a completely different basis for economy. The Spanish bringing back as much material wealth as was possible to Spain to enhance the prominence and stature of their native land. England made their money by relying on manufacturing. They did exceptionally in the lumber, shipbuilding, fishing and whaling industries. The colonies were able to rade with England and other countries, and had amazingly strong economic development. Because the Spanish focus entirely on their materialistic holdings, their economy was nowhere near as strong as the colonies’ was. In the instance of economy, England was undoubtedly the prevailing country. The two countries also contrasted politically. The political system in the Spanish settleme nts was exclusively aristocratic. Spanish rulers controlled what went on in the New World and the settlements had little self-government. The people actually living in the settlements had to be the elite to be able to have any influence at all. The pureblood Spaniards were on the top of the social ladder and they had the most authority. The â€Å"half-breeds† who were a mix of Spanish and Native American were on the lowest rung of the ladder and had little or even no say in what went on. Though the New England colonies were still under the British crown and it’s rule, they had self-government to a large extent. Most of the colonies had a governor and some sort of representative assembly that were chosen by popular vote. Though the only people that could vote were white, male landowners, this was already a step towards the democracy we have today. The Spanish and the British also had different relations with the Native Americans that were there before them. The two countries went about dealing with the natives in dissimilar ways. The Spanish began to take advantage of the Native Americans. They looted their villages to extract as much gold and wealth as was possible from them. They exploited the natives and soon began to use them for manual labor on their land. The English had mixed relations with the Native Americans. Occasionally there was peace and intermittently there was skirmishing going on between the two groups of people. The colonists could not however enslave the natives as the Spanish did because they caught diseases and died too quickly. Instead they preferred to use indentured white servants that needed to pay off their passage to America black slaves captured and brought over from Africa to do their bidding. As you can see, even though Spain and Great Britain came to settle in America in the same century, living on different sides of the country and having different ideals caused their lives and settlements to go in completely separate directions. Their experiences showed how differently things could go with just a few distinctive factors in place.