Tourism Important Growth Industries Tourism Essay Essay Example

Tourism Important Growth Industries Tourism Essay Essay Tourism is one of the most of import growing industries in the universe. This industry is looked upon as the most promising one to the development states because of its numeral economic benefits. Tourism is an progressively widespread and complex activity, which requires sophisticated direction to recognize its full potency as a positive and sustainable, economic, environmental, societal and cultural force [ Lawton A ; Weaver 2006 P: 2 ] . The size and economic significance of travel and touristry have attracted the attending of many developed and developing states in actively advancing touristry as a manner to excite their economic systems, and in the procedure many have been successful in pulling big figure of international tourers [ WTTC 2003 ] . As an industry, touristry is a high precedence one in footings of employability, exchange net incomes and ecofriendliness. It is a concern of supplying and amusement for tourers. We will write a custom essay sample on Tourism Important Growth Industries Tourism Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Tourism Important Growth Industries Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Tourism Important Growth Industries Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Tourism industry occupies an of import topographic point in the state s economic system. It is the fastest sector of an economic system these yearss and is expected to bring forth more income and employment in an economic system every bit good as earn necessary foreign exchange besides. Tourism can be loosely categorized into international touristry and interregional touristry. Both types hold better chances and contribute towards the economic development of a peculiar nation/ part. Tourism is the universe s largest export industry which, harmonizing to the World Tourism Organization ( WTO ) , generated about US $ 856 billion in 2007 by some 903 million tourers worldwide [ WTO 2008 ] . Tourism has been defined in assorted ways but may be thought of as the relationships and phenomena originating out of the journeys and impermanent corsets of people going chiefly for leisure and recreational intents. [ Pearce, 1981 ] Tourism is a extremely diversified phenomenon. The word Tourism became current early in the nineteenth century as a same what disdainful equivalent word for traveller, but it is now used in the societal scientific disciplines without coloring material, to depict any individual whose motions fulfill two conditions that first, absence from place is comparatively short and 2nd, that money spent during absence is money derived from place and non earned from the topographic points visited [ Narayana, Raghavalu, Ramu, 2007 ] . Tourism is one of the largest and fast turning industry that makes a major part to the economic systems of most developed and developing states. Tourism activities have been spread outing quickly over the past few decennaries worldwide and farther growing is expected in the hereafter. The tourer originated when big Numberss of in-between category people began to fall in blue travelers. India is a state of rich cultural heritage. Within India, after the mid 1990 s, one province that performed unusually good in touristry is Kerala. Many sites and topographic points in Kerala pull more tourers and aliens. However, these sites and topographic points of tourers have an impact to the economic system. This impact could perchance veto or positive, will explicate subsequently on thesis. Furthermore, touristry possesses some societal deduction to the development of the industry. Purpose of the survey Tourism is one of the most of import escalating industries in the universe. This industry shows possible to the development states because of its legion economic benefits. Generation of foreign exchange, creative activity of income, coevals of employment, part to province gross and its associated regional development can be cited as the major economic benefits of touristry. The betterments in the quality of life of the host population and protection and saving of the natural and reinforced resources including biodiversity are the other perceptible developments of touristry development. [ Kumar, Sudheer 2007 ] As one of the universe s largest industries, touristry has the capacity to better the material life of communities that have lost traditional industries as trade barriers have fallen. However, touristry can besides hold terrible negative impacts such as imbibing, gaming, harlotry etc which has been bring forthing offense rates on a community, outweighing any economic and cultural benefits. Historic territories tend to amplify these negative effects, as deeply rooted occupants in a restricted physical environment live with touristry on a day-to-day footing. The intent of this survey is to analyze how the finish selling would be successful in Kerala, India by advancing niche touristry merchandises in order to get the better of some of these negative impacts. Tourism is a major phenomenon of the modern society with important socio-economic effects. Harmonizing to the World Travel and Tourism Council ( WTTC ) , Tourism is the universe s most quickly turning industry and by the twelvemont h 2005, the part of touristry to the universe economic system was more than doubled from the basal degree of 1994. For developing states, the World Tourism Organisation [ WTO, 1998 ] has recognised the nascent of touristry sector for the intent of poorness relief by increased occupation creative activity. Consequently many developing states are bettering their touristry planning and development attacks [ Hall 2000 ; Elliot 1997 ] . One tendency projected is the increasing portion of international touristry into South East Asiatic part, and India as a taking finish in this part is surely balanced to work this leaning, which it missed in 1880ss and 1890ss [ WTO 1998 ] . Tourism can raise the profile of a finish, pulling the involvement of investors and visitants likewise. It is non merely the instance that many states turn to tourism out of despair, but because it affords their population a better criterion of life. There are a figure of benefits that may be derived from touristry provided that it is managed decently. These have, of class, been good documented in touristry literature and might include the creative activity of employment, the reception of foreign exchange, the enlargement of other economic sectors, and infrastructural developments. In environmental and socio-cultural footings, touristry development can supply a stimulation and support for preservation, and the saving of cultural heritage and traditions. Some of the more intangible benefits may include the reclamation of cultural pride, the resurgence of imposts and traditions, and chances for cross-cultural exchange and integrating. Again, these are more hard to mensurate, but can be perceptible within local communities. Harmonizing to the surveies by the Government of Kerala, after mid 1890ss one province that performed unusually good in touristry is Kerala. Throughout this period, the province achieved growing in touristry higher than the national norm, and has now emerged as a taking sector of the economic system, with its impact increasing in footings of economic growing and employment generated. The province authorities recognises touristry as one of the few options available to develop the economic system, particularly in the surroundings of limited chances of the fabrication sector, jobs in the agricultural and traditional sectors, and the uncertainnesss confronting the expatriate employment in the Gulf [ GOK, 2006a ] . The touristry industry in Kerala witnessed significant growing during 1890ss and beyond and is expected to turn further in the hereafter. This growing peculiarly occurred in the background of the opening up of the Indian economic system and the general planetary tendency of increasing touristry activity seen across the states in the Asiatic part. Nonetheless it is besides the conjunct attempts of the authorities and industry that made Kerala one of the best performing touristry provinces in India [ Edward, Koshy 2007 ] . This survey focuses on the recent developments and issues in Homestay Tourism in Kerala, how the Homestay, rural and CBT [ community based touristry ] are related and the overall satisfaction of Homestay touristry from an proprietor s position. Homestay touristry is the new section of the touristry industry because there is a tendency towards an increased specialisation among tourers and an increasing concern about the environment. [ Phonwiset, Yomsatharn, Chusakul 2008 cited on: nubkk.nu.ac ] . Homestay is one type of touristry that promotes interaction between visitants and host households. There are few aims besides defined to accomplish the chief purpose of the research. They are: To measure the recent developments of Tourism in India/ Kerala To analyze the major challenges in Kerala touristry To critically measure the economic, societal, cultural and environmental challenges and advantages of Homestay touristry from the proprietor s position and for the local community To explicate recommendations on the hereafter development of Homestay touristry. Why research in this subject? The research worker has chosen thisA topicA because of the involvement in making a survey related to an upcomingA and challengingA sector of touristry. Kerala is theA nativeA topographic point of the research worker. Some of the research worker s relations and friend are running place corsets and resorts in Kerala and that would assist toA collectA the relevant information s andA information s about the chosen subject. Significance of the survey Tourism is one of the mostA prestigiousA turning industries in the universe. Tourism has an educational significance. It has a good consequence which is brought about through contact between people of different races and nationalities. Tourism involves cultural alterations and consequences in cultural enrichment of those who travel every bit good as of those at the having terminal [ Ghosh ] . Another significance of touristry is the economic benefit. Because of its assorted economic benefits, this industry seems to be the most promising sector to the developing states. It is aA low-costA operation and anA additionalA income bring forthing activity that providesA employmentA to the organized every bit good as unorganised labour. Tourism encompasses so many activities that areA indispensableA but unseeable links. Honnappa and Ramakrishna [ 2006 ] defined touristry as the amount of operation chiefly economic in nature, which straight related to the entry, stay and motion of alien, inside and outside a state, metropolis or part. A The most commonA definitionA given by the World Tourism organisation [ WTO, 2001A -cited on ignou.ac.in ] is A tourer is a individual who travelA to a placeA other than his usual topographic point of abode andA stays at hotels, orA other adjustment or constitution run on a commercial footing for the continuance of non less than 24 hours and non more than 6 months at a clip for pleasance, pilgrims journey, survey, wellness, meetings and concerns. Tourism is a undertaking with exceptionally pronounced strong backward and forward linkages. The travellers spent money to bask a assortment of goods, services and experiences. Definition of Footings Homestay Tourism refers to one form of touristry with accent on ecotourism and community based touristry, in which tourers will remain over dark with the host in the small towns. The hosts have to back up visitants like a member of the household and affect them in all sorts of activities and shared experiences. These activities have the aim of larning about locals life manner and support of occupants in the community [ Phonwiset, Yomsatharn, Chusakul 2008 cited on: nubkk.nu.ac ] . II LITERATURE REVIEW There are a figure of industries that play a polar function in the development of states. Tourism being one such industry that has emerged as the largest planetary industry in the twentieth century and is projected to turn even faster during the current century. Tourism when taken in its true sense has following features ; Resource based industry and consumes resources Creates waste Specific substructure demands All the characters are linked to the societal cloth of the host community. It has societal, cultural and environmental impacts with a possibility of over ingestion. The conceptual construction of the undertaking aims to look into the jobs and advantages of place stay touristry in Kerala, from an proprietor s position. In this subdivision the research worker efforts to research the countries such as ; History of Indian touristry Background of Kerala Definition of touristry Sustainable touristry Community based touristry Homestay touristry Tourist satisfaction History of Indian Tourism India is a Centre of two ancient civilisations of the worldA called theA Indus vale civilisation, A andA theA AryanA civilization.A Tourism development in India started in the early 1960ss. By that clip most of the other states have achieved a singular advancement in thisA areaA and has exploited to maximum possible extent. The best manner to present India as a tourer finish to aliens is that India is a state of all seasons and all reasons.A India s touristry resources have ever been considered immense. The geographical characteristics are diverse, colourful and varied. As such the resource potency is so much that it can provide to all sorts and gustatory sensations of tourers. India has an ancient tradition of touristry. It existed as an industry in the informal sector in ancient times and was indulged in by all categories of people. Mark Twain competently remarked about India on India [ National Tourism Policy 2002 ] that India is one state that is endowed with an imperishable involvement for foreign prince and foreign provincial, for the knowing and the ignorant, the wise and the sap, the rich and the hapless, the bonded and the free one land that all work forces desire to see and one time seen, by even a glance, would non give theA glance for allA the shows of all the remainder of theA Earth combined. A The integrity of India lies in its diverseness people bound together by centuries of common traditions, religion and doctrine [ Pran Nath, Sushma 1993 ] . The Indian touristry industry has recorded a phenomenal growing particularly from 1990s in footings of both international and domestic tourers reachings [ Honnappa, Ramakrishna 2006 ] . TheA ministryA of Indian touristry has launched a new programme called Athithi Devo Bhavah which meansA guestA is god. The inspiration behind this look is toA respectA because ; regard has ever been an indispensable portion of Indian psyche. Tourism, which is the 3rd largest foreign exchange earner in India, has started gainingA prominenceA to the publicA agendaA merely in recent old ages. Many states in the universe are trusting on touristry as one of the fastest turning sectors. In the Chief Ministers conference held on October 2001 [ National Tourism Policy 2002 ] the Prime Minister of India, Shri. Atal Bihari Vajpayee had stated that Tourism is a major phenomenon of economic growing in major parts of the world.A Many states have transformed their economic systems utilizing the touristry potenti al the fullestaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦tourism has theA potentialA to make different types of employment in assorted sectors from the most specialised to the unskilledA and what India needs is theA generationA ofA massiveA productiveA employment chances . Tourism in India has a strong relevancy to economic development and employment coevals. It creates immense employment chances, provides just distribution of wealth, helps to get the much needed foreign exchange, brings out a speedy development and betterment of infrastructural installations. Developing states have given a particular importance for the development of touristry, for it is the chief beginning of gaining foreign exchange, thereby the economic position of the state goes up [ Honnappa, Ramakrishna 2006 ] .A noticeable alteration in theA holidayingA trendA wasA reportedA both the international and domestic tourers showed anA inclinationA towards adventure athleticss. India is easy but certainly rousing to its touristry potency. The result of many surveies hat has been done about touristry, states that India is a state with huge touristry resources and has suited for all sorts of touristries like eco-tourism, adventure touristry, religious touristry, athleticss touristry, cu ltural touristry and rural touristry. With little states like Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand areA allA readyA majorA tourist finishs ; India has toA struggleA toA promoteA itself to the universe touristsA [ Revathy 2008 ] . Tourism in Kerala Kerala, one of the smallest provinces lies in the southern seashore of India, is one of the leadingA proponentsA of touristry in assorted sectors.A Kerala has aA vastA and vibrantA sphere, where play unfolds in theA formA ofA spellA jumping heritage citesA station, A unA -spoilt beaches, picturesque hill, roaringA waterA falls, oldA templeA towns, alien wild life, A hustling metropoliss, surrounded with back Waterss, A variedA adventure athleticss and aA vibrantA manner of life.A Kerala is one of India s most advanced societies with about full literate people and first-class quality of life. [ Kumar, Sudheer 2007 ] . On its manner to going south, Kerala is one of the provinces that attract a big figure of tourers in South India.A In order toA tapA the tourer possible ofA so much history and such aA assortment of natural gifts, the Kerala authorities is taking a figure of stairss to better theA province s infrastructuresA likeA air, route and rail links. TheA stateA is germinating new schemes, making dynamic bluish prints and guaranting meticulousA executionA will do certain that theA stateA willA emergeA on top.A Developing universe category touristry merchandises needs heightening substructure, watercourse liningA disposal, strategicA allianceA and selling will guarantee that tourismA bringA sustainable growing and prosperity to Kerala besides known as Gods on Country [ Honnappa, Ramakrishna 2006 ] .A Definition of Tourism Tourism has been defined as the activities of individuals going to and remaining in topographic points outside of their usual environment for non more than one back-to-back twelvemonth for leisure, concern and other intents [ WTO 1998 ] . There are different words and significances for touristry such as Domestic Tourism: that involves occupants of the given state going merely within the state. Inbound Tourism: involves occupants going in the given state. Outbound Tourism: means occupants going in another state. International Tourism: consists of inbound and outward touristry [ WTO 1998 ] . Definitions of Homestay Tourism It is comparable to bed and breakfasts, but even less formal. A place stay belongings is a non commercialized, private abode that accommodates paying guest ( s ) who enjoy remaining in the comfort and security of a household place. These invitees frequently reside in the household place for an drawn-out period of clip, normally months instead than yearss. It is a safe, low-cost agencies of lodging popular amongst international pupils, housemans, going professionals and grownup visitants from other states, who are looking to see and larn approximately local life style and civilization [ cited on: onecaribbean.org ] Homestay is one type of touristry that promotes interaction between host households and tourers [ cited on: mekongtourism.org ] Homestay touristry refers to one form of touristry with accent on ecotourism and community based touristry, in which tourers will remain over dark with the host in the small towns. The hosts have to back up visitants like a member of the household and affect them in all sorts of activities and shared experiences. These activities have the aim of larning about locals life manner and support of occupants in the community [ Phonwiset, Yomsatharn, Chusakul 2008 cited on: nubkk.nu.ac Sustainable Tourism There is no widely accepted definition of sustainable touristry. It could, of class, be suggested that sustainable touristry should merely be about using the Brundtland Report definition of sustainability to touristry. This could take to a definition such as: Forms of touristry which meet the demands of tourers, the touristry industry, and host communities today without compromising the ability of future coevalss to run into their ain demands . There is another definition of sustainable touristry emphasizes the environmental, societal and economic elements of the touristry system. This definition means touristry which is economically feasible, but does non destruct the resources on which the hereafter of touristry will depend, notably the physical environment and the societal cloth of the host community [ Swarbrooke 1999 ] . Sustainable touristry is the touristry development that protects of import ecological and biological qualities and the procedure consequences in increased economic chance for local occupants and involves them in decision- devising, and respects the unity of cultural norms and traditions. Sustainable touristry development is based on the aim that it meets the demands of present tourers and host parts while protecting and heightening chances for the hereafter. It is envisaged as taking to direction of all resources in such a manner that economic, societal and aesthetic demands can be fulfilled while keeping cultural unity, indispensable ecological procedures, biological diverseness and life support system [ Ashraf, Fazili 2004 ] . For the development of touristry, the section has decided to develop policies, schemes and programs for sustainable touristry. The touristry program or policy is a gaming that will decidedly hold victors or also-rans that make the populace sector touristry policy a political issue. Tourism has powerful vested involvements that will seek to act upon the political procedure such as conveyance operators and hotelkeepers. Such sort of groups may besides oppose steps to do touristry more sustainable. Rather than giving importance to the virtues of touristry position point, the authorities and local communities are taking the touristry determinations for political grounds [ Swarbrooke 1999 ] . The construct of sustainability clearly embraces the environment, people and economic systems. Therefore sustainable touristry is based on ; societal advancement reflecting the demands for everyone, effectual protection of environment, prudent usage of natural resources, care of high and stable degrees of economic growing and employment. Harmonizing to Swarbrooke 1999, there are figure of obstructions that will restrict the function of the populace sector in touristry, planning and development. They are ; Tourism is merely a low precedence for the populace sector and at that place seems to be a deficiency of political will to develop sustainable touristry. The construct of public sector planning and ordinance are out of manner Many public sector organic structures lack the fiscal resources required to play a major function in touristry planning and development. There is deficiency of staff expertness in touristry in most public sector organisations around the universe. The series of election affects the willingness of politicians to do the sort of long term determinations on which sustainable touristry depends. Public sector is merely a minor participant in the touristry industry with least control over touristry merchandises. Sustainable touristry is lead by motivations like spirit of question, love of beauty, hunt for cognition and regard for nature. It aims at quality touristry which creates least harm to the natural, societal and cultural environment. The sustainable touristry hinges upon the overall direction as a feasible method in sustainable tourer activities. The overall quality attack renders the direction of merchandises particularly of tourer countries, highly sensitive to the penchants and outlooks of consumers. The private and public profitableness of a tourer finish will depend on the client sanitation, since they will return more frequently and remain longer and will convey a positive image of their vacation experience to others. However, as these penchants and outlooks include the demand for good scenes and consumer satisfaction, the profitableness of a tourer topographic point, will name for the development of schemes for sustainable development [ Honnappa, Ramakrishna 2006 ] Community Based Tourism Tourism can convey both benefits and jobs to an country. If good planned, developed and managed, touristry generates local occupations and income and provides chances for local enterprisers to set up touristry endeavors that lead to better the life criterions of occupants [ WTO 1998 ] . Community based touristry includes a scope of activities, services and comfortss provided by the rural people to pull tourer to their country in order to bring forth excess income. It is frequently considered ideal and inherently sustainable as it attracts manageable figure of visitants, does non necessitate much infrastructural development, does non devour excessively much of already scarce resources, does non necessitate high sum of skill base, and provides a beginning of income to locals besides continuing the local civilization and its traditions. One of the chief attractive forces of CBT is the extremely personal interactions between the host and the invitee where both parties can portion knowledge, thoughts and experience and as a effect addition the net incomes of local community with minimum investings. Events like, a dark out with the locals at their places, engagement in the lesser known small town spiritual or cultural events, an chance to take part in local activities like agribusiness, fishing or even populating with locals and sharing their nutrient, their lives and their business could supply the much needed bonus for community based touristry [ Mello 2008 ] . Tourism can convey both benefits and jobs to the local society and its cultural forms. Although more hard to mensurate than economic or environmental impacts, socio -cultural impacts are major considerations in developing touristry in any topographic point. These impacts can be particularly critical in states that still have strongly traditional economic systems and societies. Despite the fact that touristry can bring forth socio -cultural impacts, it is obvious that any sort of new development brings alterations. Tourism is one of the of import beginnings that can convey alterations in a society. A well planned, developed and managed touristry in a socially responsible mode can convey some sorts of socio -cultural benefits such as Improves the life criterions of people and helps pay for betterments to community installations and services, if the economic benefits of touristry are good distributed. Conserves the cultural heritage of an country which otherwise might be lost as a consequence of general development taking topographic point. Conservation of archaeological and historic sites was referred to under environmental impacts. In some topographic points touristry can be the drift for regenerating cultural forms which might be vanishing. Reinforces or even renews a sense of pride of occupants I their civilization, when they observe tourers appreciating it. Helps develop and keep museums, theaters and other cultural installations supported by touristry but the occupants can besides bask it. Tourism provides an chance for transverse civilization exchange between tourers and occupants who learn about, and come to esteem one another s civilization. This exchange can be best be achieved through certain signifiers of touristry educational and other types of particular involvement Tourss, village touristry and place visit programmes whereby tourer can set up to see local households. Methodology Introduction Research is a common phrasing that refers to a hunt for knowledge. More than a set of accomplishments, research is a manner of thought: examining critically the assorted facets of twenty-four hours -to-day professional work ; understanding and explicating steering rules that govern a peculiar process ; and developing and proving new theories for the sweetening of your pattern [ Kumar 2005:2 ] . Harmonizing to Kothari [ 1985:1 ] , research is an academic activity and as such the term should be used in a proficient usage. Redman and Mory [ 1923 ] define research as a systemized attempt to derive cognition [ cited by Kothari 1985 ] . In this chapter the research worker will specify the techniques that were used to accomplish the mark. Statement of methodological analysis Both primary and secondary informations have been used in this research work. Assorted beginnings of secondary informations used in this research. They are from books, newspapers, magazines, diaries, publications of the cardinal, province and local authoritiess, related web sites and studies of assorted links that related to the subject, studies prepared by research bookmans, universities, public records and statistics. Much attention has to be taken while roll uping the secondary informations. The dependability, suitableness and adequateness are some of the of import features of secondary informations. Harmonizing to Kothari [ 1985:138 ] , the dependability can be tested by happening out such things about the said informations: A ] who collected the information? B ] What were the beginnings of informations? C ] Were they collected by utilizing proper methods? D ] At what clip they were collected? E ] Was there any prejudice of the compiler? F ] What degree of truth was desired? G ] Was it achieved? Kumar [ 2005: 156 ] , has defined the significance of dependability as if a research tool is consistent and stable, and therefore, predictable and accurate, it is said to be dependable. The greater the grade of consistence and stableness in an instrument, the greater is its dependability. In the suitableness context, the research worker must be really carefully scrutinized the definition of assorted footings and units of aggregation used at the clip of roll uping the information from primary beginning originally. At the same clip, the object, range and nature of the original question must besides be studied. Adequacy of informations is the degree of truth achieved in informations found inadequate for the intent of the present question, they will be considered as unequal and should non be used by the research worker. The information will besides be considered unequal, if they are related to an country which may be either narrower or wider than the country of present question [ Kothari 1985 ] On the other manus, there would be a hazard factor in utilizing the already available informations as it should be used merely by the research worker finds them dependable, suited and equal. There are several methods that can be used to roll up primary informations. Since there is non that much academic research have taken topographic point in the current subject, the research worker has to research assorted facets of Homestay touristry, its benefits and issues from the proprietor s position point. In this model here, telephonic interviews utilizing structured questionnaires were used to garner the relevant information from the respondent ( Owner ) . The telephonic interviews are the method of roll uping information from respondents through telephone ( Kothari, 1985 ) . This method has non been widely used but plays a critical portion in industrial studies. From Kothari [ 1985 ] s position point the virtues of telephonic interviews are ; a ] more flexible in comparing to get offing method, B ] faster and a speedy manner of obtaining information, degree Celsius ] should be cheaper, 500 ] rate of response is higher, 500 ] no staff required. However, there are some demerits for this system. They are, a ] the clip cross given to respondents for considered reply is less, B ] interviews are restricted to respondents who have telephone installations, c ] possibility of the prejudice of the interviewer is comparatively more. On the other manus, questionnaires are one other manner to roll up information from the participants. Kumar [ 2005 ] , clearly points out the interview agenda and a questionnaire. The lone difference is that in the former it is the interviewer who ask the inquiries and records the respondent s answers on an interview agenda, and in the latter answers are recorded by the respondent s themselves. This differentiation is of import in accounting for the several strengths and failings of the two methods. The questionnaires are of two types, structured and unstructured. Structured questionnaires are those questionnaires in which there are definite, concrete and pre determined inquiries. The inquiries are presented with precisely the same diction and in the same order to all respondents. The signifier of the inquiries may be either closed i.e. , yes/no or unfastened i.e. ask foring free response, but should be stated in progress and non constructed during oppugning [ Kothari 1985:125 ] .

How to structure documents for busy readers

How to structure documents for busy readers The 4-letter formula that makes writing much easier Some documents succeed or fail based on how well they get key points across in the shortest time possible. If you need to write a document like this, you must remember one crucial detail. A detail that people dont necessarily like to talk about. Here it is: Your document might not be read to the end. Yes, we said it. And theres no shame in it: its just a reality of life today – and a reflection of how busy we all are. Many people – either through time pressures or a lack of interest – will stop reading partway through. In fact, this mirrors the way most of us typically read newspapers (or online news). We generally read them between ‘main activities’ – on our way to work, waiting for the bus, and so on. We don’t have the time (or, usually, the inclination) to wade through masses of background or hold complicated concepts in our head. We just want to know what happened. At work, it can be the same: we just want the facts. We don’t want lots of background – unless, of course, we’re particularly interested in the subject. So, if we want to make sure our research and insights arent lost, how can we adapt our writing in light of this fact of (working) life? Well, the answer is to look again to the news – this time for inspiration. How news is written Newspaper news stories tend to put the most important information – the news – before the background. This allows busy readers to instantly pick out the key points of a story, and then to choose whether or not to read on for more detail. In fact, the structure is even more formulaic, with most stories following this pattern: What’s happened How it happened Amplify Tie up loose ends Youll see this ‘WHAT’ formula used in the news sections of any paper. In fact, with a well-structured news story, you should be able to cut from the bottom up without losing any of the main sense. Its also one of the most efficient ways to transfer knowledge at work, as it makes the most of how the brain absorbs information. WHAT in action Heres an example of how the formula can appear in the news – in this case, in an abridged version of a press release we put out last year. And if you read news stories, you wont have to look far to find this structure. Next time you pick up a newspaper or read online reports, see if you can spot the formula in action. Applying the WHAT formula at work So, how do you apply this journalist technique to the things you write at work? For some documents you can use the WHAT formula as it stands – especially if you write blog posts, press releases or articles. But with only a little tweaking, you can also use the structure for: summaries briefings company updates presenting research and insights short reports presentations For these other kinds of document, you may need to adapt the formula as follows: What’s happened – an outline of your main conclusions after evaluating the evidence How it happened – an outline of the evidence that your conclusions are based on Amplify – a more detailed description of your conclusions plus the supporting evidence Tie up loose ends – any further information you think the reader needs to know. Unlock your documents Perhaps you have a long, in-depth report in desperate need of a summary that conveys the core message. Or you might have piles of research youve gathered so you can brief a colleague or line manager before an important meeting or presentation. But how do you go from a jumbled set of notes or a complex report full of background information to a well-structured and succinct document that produces results? Thats where the WHAT formula comes in. It can unlock your documents – and your key insights or conclusions – for your readers to take in. Readers can pick out the essentials of your message before they (potentially) stop reading. Of course, if you capture your readers interest with the conclusions in your first few paragraphs, they may just be engaged enough to keep reading for the finer detail. But, with WHAT, youre safe either way – and your document can do its job. This post is an extract from a lesson in our online-learning programme, Emphasis 360, which is designed to transform your writing step by step, in practical, bite-sized lessons. You can try it out for free here. Image credit: qvist / Shutterstock

Keeping staff motivated Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Keeping staff motivated - Essay Example The organization’s management has to understand its staff’s behavior to motivate the employees successfully. Therefore, numerous organizations experience problems when it comes to motivating the staff, as the process can be complicated. An organization with motivated staff will be successful in achieving its objectives. Lack of motivation leads to inefficiency, absenteeism and a stressful work environment, therefore, resulting to an unproductive staff (Stecher and Rosse, 2007). This paper will discuss the problem that organizations face in staff motivation and the different methods that can be employed to ensure that an organization’s employees are motivated to work efficiently and productively. When an organization’s personnel is unmotivated, there are more incidences of absenteeism, wastage of time, inefficiency and low quality work. This can lead to huge losses for the organization. On the other hand, motivated employees are excited about the nature of their work and they will work hard without supervision. They are also able to find new ways of completing tasks or solving problems. Therefore, motivation is important in enhancing creativity among the employees. Staff motivation is crucial at the work place, since the employees are enthusiastic about their work, thus putting in some extra effort in their work. This ensure that quality work is produced, thus enhancing efficiency and increasing the organization’s overall performance. Take the example of the Japanese Automobile Industry where fewer workers are required due to high productivity. Analysts have found out that Japanese workers are highly motivated, therefore, requiring very few employees in the aut omobile industry. Highly motivated employees are more satisfied with their jobs than demotivated ones. Managers have realized that job satisfaction goes hand in hand with high levels of commitment and low employee

Reaction Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Reaction Paper - Essay Example This is the same reason why Saeko had to seek the help of the doctor after she felt her glue tricks would fail her one day. It is her fear of looking unattractive again that drives her to have cosmetic surgery done (Cullen, â€Å"Changing Faces†). In accordance to the reaction paper, one could clearly pin point the effect of inequities in health care. The number of practitioners that got sued due to medical mishaps related to cosmetic surgery somehow increased over the years due to shoddy jobs done by people not licensed to do so. In poorer places, a lot of people claiming to offer cosmetic surgeries mushroomed and offered people to pay less money for the same services offered by registered practitioners. The unregistered health providers in this poorer areas resulted in increased number of lawsuits due to their poor health service (Cullen, â€Å"Changing Faces†). The poor that wanted to get attractive fell for this unregistered health providers tricks since they offered them low prices for the same services. If not for poverty, this people would have looked for better services from registered cosmetic surgeons. From the film, it is clearly depicted that gender plays a role in health. Women are more likely to seek for health services compared to men. From the sociological perspective, Saeko went to seek the help of a cosmetic surgeon in order to have her eye widened so as to look attractive. In addition, more women in Asian countries are seeking to have their physical appearances made more attractive as westernization sets in and defines beauty in another way. From the film, women tend to have better health seeking behaviour compared to men. Men often are satisfied with the way they look and seek less services related to cosmetic surgery (Cullen, â€Å"Changing Faces†). In addition, Saeko got employed as a hostess in a given bar after she

Adult Aging and Development Project Description Essay - 9

Adult Aging and Development Project Description - Essay Example Lastly, there is retrieval that is the getting back the memory from storage for use. Researchers in human development and aging have gone deep scrutinizing the speed of processing information and working memory capacity to understand the effect of the age difference on the memory. In the memory process, the older adults have a myriad of issues like retrieval and encoding problems. The strategies of encoding are not readily used by the older adults as it happens to the young adults. There is decreased the flow of blood to the brain while encoding hence less brain activity. The older adults are more affected by false memories. False memories are made of the remembering and giving an account to events that never took place. For the fact that the old are affected more than the young ones, then they are not used in the court of law to testify as eyewitnesses in most cases. The older adults have a problem with having selective attention. The distracters affect the old more than it does to the young adults. Therefore, there is difficulty in the performance of complex tasks for their nature of divided attention. At the same time when talking to the adults, there is a need to be relevant and provide with an environment that is less distracted for better performance. As one age, their attention deficit keeps increasing up to the point they cannot work on any work constructively. From the studies, there is a substantial decline in intellectual abilities. There is a steady increase in intelligence up to the age of sixty where the fluid intelligence starts to decrease hence becoming less intelligent than the younger counterparts. The exceptional creativity that is extraordinary and helpful to the society is at its peak in the thirties and the decline as time goes. The older people lose that compelling desire to be creative hence the decreased creativity in the adults.  

Social Media And Gender

Social Media And Gender As the social media and the related activities are rapidly developing, the number of involved women users are more than the number of men now. Due to this fact, there are many possible changes that could be experienced within the future media. Advertising and media Companies have been said to use the same and outdate forms of ideology to understand their audiences. However, it becomes more and more challenging to keep using these outdate patterns. Due to the increasing trend of social media usage by women, social media such as newspapers, movies, magazines, social networking sites, would have a huge impact on the shaping of social patterns.(Thompson 2011) It is necessary to analyze some of the quotes that are related to the social media and the aspect of gender when viewing the issue of social media and how the gender influences media. It is also necessary to analyze the aspect of women taking charge of the media, the increasing popularity of social media, and the relationship between age, gender, and the social media. (Thompson 2011) In order to complete analyzing the influences between social media activities and the aspect of gender, it is helpful to not only consider the number of the social media users and the length of the time they spent on social media but also compare the modern social media with the previous media. As mentioned before, social media communication patterns has been shaping the ideology of audiences and also been shaped by the gender of users. Many media communication methods have very deep connection to the aspect of gender in different cultures. (Donald A. MacKenzie 1985) A reliable research study which is completed by Claude S. Fisher indicates that the telephone has for long had some gendered forms of connections, people widely held belief that females talk more as compared to men. Therefore, most of people believe the employers of telephone industry would prefer to choose women as their operators in this industry. What is more, the research study also indicates that young women were closely related to the trivial and extensive phone usage for pure social purposes. The research further indicates that, the usage of women and influence on computer development has actually been trivialized while there some of computers are designed to be masculine. (Fisher 1994) However, this res earch study does not explain for the large number of women who use the social networking sites through these masculine computers. In our previous review for these relates research studies, we believe the research studies which evaluate the aspect of gender group that dominated the social media and we also analyzed the factors behind that domination. There is another research study by the TIME group which evaluates the factors behind the fact that Pinterest belongs to women and Google belongs to men. This research study indicates that around 83% of the users of Pinterest were actually women, and approximate two-thirds of Google+ users are men.(Wagstaff 2012) This research study raises a question on whether this fact means the female users dominated the social media and male users have less impact on the media. (Dines 2002) According to the results of the this research study, the reason behind this surprising fact is that google+ has less female friendly form of content than Pinterest, and its functions are more focus on academic using purpose instead of social networking. Consider another research study conducted in the year 2006. The research study indicated that, there was a historic and also a contemporary form of evidence, which indicated current fears on online safety of the young girls, had historical antecedents, such as media tools that included phones. The research also indicated that, in many cases, the historic reactions eventually resulted into some form of restrictions for the usage of technology towards protection of girls from harm and the threat that could harm their innocence. The research study, however, did not indicate the level into which the same media platform was used to protect the vulnerable boy child from effects of threats, harm, predators, criminals, and molestation over the social media or any other technological platform. Men and women usually use the social networking services in different ways, purposes, and with different frequencies. Many of research studies have indicated that, a specific gender group tends to use the social networks more than others with different purpose. Therefore, it is advisable to understand the target users better and make the development of efforts toward the diversity group of gender users with various purposes. As been mentioned in the article The Social Media Gender Gap, been compared with male users most of female users usually make more purchasing decisions and spend longer time on the on-line shopping. Women seem to be more likely to tell their friends about their purchases. (Hoffman 2008) Due to this fact the female users is the major group where the advertisers could get more benefits from. A majority of these researchers still indicate that although both users group of gender use social media frequently, women still the ones that hold down the fort. (Hoffman 2008 ) A majority of experts indicate that the internet is certainly going to look pink in the future. This means that, the entire future of the social media and its relative activities are going to be all about gender-based. In the other words, the future social media will be women oriented. Some of these experts in the web development field encouraged the upcoming web developers to take women as their main target if these web developer have the desire to get more benefits from their upcoming business. It is very interesting to notice that different gender members always act differently when they are using online services to do their activities in their daily life, which are part of the social media tools such as on-line shopping, blogging, posting and sharing pictures etc. According to this fact, the Website could be considered as an extremely important and essential form of social medium. Hence, a successful Website design is actually all about how to succeeds to be fit into the diversity social groups and dynamic social ideology. Although men were traditionally viewed as the earlier main target of the technological development, women have became the group which stands at the forefront of the social media related activities. Another study thirteen million people and were trying to find out the actual way in which a majority of them were using the social media. As the results indicates that members of both gender were participants in the field of social media, it was very clear that women have the larger number of members than the male gender so far. As a result of the same, the next wave of innovative ideas that are linked to the social media is likely to target a greater number of women than that of men (Hoffman 2008). This will widen the gender gap of social media. The research study also indicates that young women are more likely to be active on the social sites such as My Space, Twitter, Facebook, and Flixster which are very significant forms to connect to and interact with these social media sites, which is more than young men. It is very obvious that men who are above age thirty years old and men who are married usually do not have time for social media, and most of those men who are under age thir ty show they are not willing to do so after they attain that age. With the exception of the LinkedIn users who have to friend everyone on the social sites for business and job hunting purpose, these men are never willing to hang out the social networking sites. However, in contrast to the same age and married women, joining the social networks one after another. In fact, the fastest growing division, is identified as the age groups between thirty five and fifty, especially the users on My Space. (Hoffman 2008) The future researchers could evaluate the new form of gender difference that exist, and the reasons of why these forms of difference exist. According to the Rapleaf study, it is very clear that young men usually spend more of their time on computers and have plenty of free time. However, there are many competitions for drawing attentions from them, especially from the online games like Legend and first person action games. It is evident that, a majority of these men who like playing such online or computer games, usually tend to play other casual games like gambling. Although most of gambling games are banned by these social networks, the majority men would tend to seek for substitution game which allow them to play and bet at same time. This is a factor that makes young men keep off the interaction with the social media. In contrast to the same age group, women group are actually a big supporters of the casual games, as well as the social media networks. Another fact is that, a majo rity of these young women actually spend massive times when they making efforts towards decorating their profiles on the social network sitesà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ pages. This study points out that although young men have the desire to participant in these games, they naturally tend to prohibit themselves to spend too much time on the games and feel they have the responsibility to going out and have social life in the real life. These nautically self-discipline come from their social ideology which has the potential to shape their lifestyle and behaviors. It is also worth noting that, whenever these men get married, they attach significantly less value to these social networking sites, while women still continue using these sites as a part of their daily life where they could share their moment of life with others. It can be concluded as men actually tend to view things in a more transactional manner as compared to women. (Hoffman 2008) That is the reason why a majority of married men dominated some of sites like linkeldln and google+ which are two of transactional forms of social media network sites. Men usually can only be attracted to media sites that assist them in either gathering more intelligence, making introductions, or do some gambling. It is expected that men want to keep on gravitating to the transactional sites including those that enable them gain the interaction with the world of sports, news, as well; as financial information. However, their disadvantage are some of those that are not attracting much efforts of expertise from the website developers, hence they are declining in terms of content, and then keeping men away from the media sites. As the result, the gap which is based on the transactional aspect tends to be wider gradually. Meanwhile, this would make female gender users to be in the forefront of using, and managing the social sites. Womenà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s behavior within the media suites is less transactional while it is more of relationship driven. Relationship building over the media network has been linked to certain a given category of the gender parity. Married women spend so much time over the media making new friends, sharing pictures with friends and relatives, communicating to their former friends, as well as treating their social network profiles as the home page for their entire families. We might experience massive jobs and hire of women to the social media world. Considering the significant importance that women serve to the social media industry, then it is absolutely amazing to see how a few female executives who exist in the companies and the different venture capital firms tend to dominate in term of performance. Since the social media have been identified to be too much into tune with the women, a majority of the male audiences will have to be increasingly seen as significantly less valuable as compared to the female ones. It is widely known that women normally spend more and also make more of purchasing decisions as compared to men. Women are also likely to tell their friends about the purchases, hence advertisers will always get some double benefits form the female consumers. The media, as well as a wide range of the adverting forms that are part of the social media, are becoming increasingly motivated to hire women to be in charge of the management processes in these firms due to their potential influence. Due to the various research studies that indicate that women are the most vibrant members in the usage of tools of mass media, there is a possibility that the very next wave of innovation is likely to target more women as compared to men. This should be done because of the fact that the gender gap that already exist on the social network and increasingly within all the social media is continuously widening. It is, however, advisable to have it in mind that male adoption is also growing as well. It wonà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢t keep pace with expanding engagement amongst the female users. It is notable that since a majority of women use the media network in socializing, a single dollar spent marketing towards acquiring any female user happens to go a lot further as compared on a male user.

Abortion :: essays research papers

The Right to Choose Should there be a constitutional amendment banning abortion? In society today an agreement exists that when life becomes human life, that the human being must be protected. Many religions, organizations and individuals have passionately held conflicting beliefs about when human life begins. Is a fetus a human life at conception? Or is a child a human life at birth? Today, this question goes hand in hand with that question of abortion. There is so much controversy over this delicate issue that congress has been debating over it for nearly thirty years. This comes down to yet another heated question. Should there be a constitutional amendment banning abortion? It is nearly impossible to find someone who doesn’t have an opinion about abortion and probably a strong opinion at that. Debates on this topic usually go nowhere, leaving the opponents even more committed to their positions than before. Last month marked the twenty-sixth anniversary of the Supreme Court decision of Roe vs. Wade. Prior to the case filed by Jane roe, the state of Texas made it a crime to perform a crime unless a child’s life was at stake. Jane Roe was an unmarried woman who wanted to safely and legally end her pregnancy end her pregnancy. The Supreme Court ruled that: (1) A woman and her doctor may freely decide to terminate a pregnancy during the first trimester. (2) State governments can restrict abortion access after the first trimester with laws intended to protect the woman’s health. (3) Abortions after fetal viability must be available if the women’s health or life is at risk; state governments can prohibit other abortions. The reason the Roe vs. Wade case was so important was because it has come to be known as the case that legalized abortion nationwide. At the time of the Roe vs. Wade decision, nearly two-thirds of the states outlawed abortion except to save a woman’s life. Before abortion was made legal to the majority of the states, many women lost their lives due to illegal abortion. In 1965 seventeen percent of all deaths due to pregnancy and childbirth were due to illegal abortion. The film If These Walls Could Talk portrays injuries such as this in the time period. In fact, by the time Roe restored the right to abortion, from 200,000 to1.2 million illegal abortions were performed annually and hundreds of women died every year to end unwanted pregnancies.

Against School: Agree or Disagree? Essay

â€Å"Against School† is an argumentative essay that tells about how the public education system incapacitates the children of today. In this reading, Gatto claims that the public education system causes children to become bored with themselves, to conform to the way of the school and its teachers, and it causes them to lack the ability to deal with issues that go on in the real world, outside of school. The writer’s explanation for this is that it is partially the teachers’ fault. The students become bored because the teacher is actually bored with teaching the subject. Students would be adamant to learn if they were given and education and not just schooled. The students need to be encouraged to have the qualities to succeed in life instead of sitting in a prison style confinement, forced to learn material that society deemed appropriate. Summing up the essay, â€Å"Against School† states that he believes that the students should be able to manage themselves. After reading Gatto’s essay I must agree with him. If students and teachers are both bored in the school, and of the material being taught. We’re only taught what they want us to be taught. To me, students need more than that. The material needs to be taught and explained how retaining the knowledge will help them in the future. If we don’t know how it will benefit us in some way then it’s almost meaningful. In conclusion, I agree with Gatto’s argument because I think it is something most students can relate to. We’ve all had a boring teacher, teaching a boring class, that we thought meant absolutely nothing to us. But if we’re forced to take the class, then there must be some reason for it.

Up Country essays

Up Country essays In his novel Up Country, Alden R. Carter writes about how hard life is for children in the adolescent era by portraying the actions off Carl Staggers, a teenager surviving his mothers alcoholism and his car radio thief ring gone to disarray. Carl is a tragic hero who rambles through this time period by trying to make things right. He is also accompanied by characters close to him as the novel progresses. Carl is a young man with great hopes and dreams to become an electrical engineer. The problem is that he and his mother are deeply in debt, and Veronica Staggers, Carls mother, is an alcoholic who is brought home by the cops almost every week. Carl has the bright idea to use an opportunity that arose to earn money to go to a good technical college and earn a degree in electrical engineering. In this little opportunity, Carl repairs stolen stereos that he receives from his partner in crime, changes the serial number, and places the stereo into a company box for resale. Although this seems like the perfect crime, something goes terribly wrong with his admirable plan and Carl gets busted for the radios along with all of the other juveniles helping him. Ironically he was busted for the car audio equipment because of his mother who was thrown in a detox center for her alcohol abuse. Therefore, Carl was sent up country to stay with his aunt, uncle, and cousin whom he hasnt seen for a little over eight years. Thats when all of the trouble starts, including a run in with the local redneck bully and his girlfriend. On a good note while staying with his secondary family, he meets a wonderful country girl with whom he ultimately stays with instead of going back to live with his mother, who cleans her self up and moves on with her life. Carl is sentenced to public work and is basically let off easy on the condition that he ...

Founding and History of the New Jersey Colony

Founding and History of the New Jersey Colony John Cabot was the first European explorer to come into contact with the New Jersey shore. Henry Hudson also explored this area as he searched for the northwest passage. The area that would later be New Jersey was part of New Netherland. The Dutch West India Company gave Michael Pauw a patroonship in New Jersey. He called his land Pavonia. In 1640, a Swedish community was created in present-day New Jersey on the Delaware River. However, it is not until 1660 that the first permanent European settlement of Bergen was created.   The Motivation for Founding the New Jersey Colony In 1664, James, the Duke of York, received control of New Netherland. He sent a small English force to blockade the harbor at New Amsterdam. Peter Stuyvesant surrendered to the English without a fight. King Charles II had granted the lands between the Connecticut and Delaware Rivers to the Duke. He then granted land  to two of his friends, Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret, that would become New Jersey. The name of the colony comes from the Isle of Jersey, Carterets birthplace. The two advertised and promised settlers many benefits for colonizing including representative government and freedom of religion. The colony quickly grew. Richard Nicolls was made the governor of the area. He granted 400,000 acres to a group of Baptists, Quakers, and Puritans. These resulted in the creation of many towns including Elizabethtown and Piscataway. The Dukes Laws were issued that allowed for religious tolerance for all Protestants. In addition, a general assembly was created. Sale of West Jersey to the Quakers In 1674, Lord Berkeley sold his proprietorship to some Quakers. Carteret agrees to divide the territory so that those who bought Berkeleys proprietorship were given West Jersey while his heirs were given East Jersey. In West Jersey, a significant development was when the Quakers made it so that almost all adult males were able to vote.   In 1682, East Jersey was purchased by William Penn and a group of his associates and added with Delaware for administrative purposes. This meant that most of the land between the Maryland and New York colonies were administered by Quakers.   In 1702, East and West Jersey which were joined by the crown into one colony with an elected assembly.   New Jersey During the American Revolution   A number of major battles occurred within the New Jersey territory during the American Revolution. These battles included the Battle of Princeton, the Battle of Trenton, and the Battle of Monmouth.   Significant Events New Jersey is divided into East and West Jersey in 1674. It is reunited in 1702 when it becomes a royal colonyNew Jersey was the third state to ratify the ConstitutionNew Jersey was the first to ratify the Bill of Rights

The Impact of Information Technology on Photojournalism Essay

The Impact of Information Technology on Photojournalism - Essay Example Ethical values must be incorporated to information technology to make the photos more realistic. Identification of ethical issues of Impact of Information Technology on Photojournalism. Kenny Irby stated that photo journalism is the craft of employing photographic storytelling to document life (Quinn 2005). Jeremy Iggers states â€Å"Journalism's conversation about ethics has not changed all that much since the 1920s, but in the past decade, journalism itself has changed dramatically. The Cultural Revolution currently underway in America's newsrooms is making journalism's ethical conversation increasingly irrelevant (p. 75)†. A visiting French journalist toured the United States in the 1980s and commented that the wide variance between ethics talk and the practice of journalism led him to suspect that "ethics was implemented partly as a remedial procedure, partly as a public relations act, and partly as a way of escape goating the journalists, transferring onto the journalists’ all the blame for the media's negative actions. Generally, during the current century, the formal requirements for a meaningful discussion about the delicate topic of ethics hav e been set into motion. In theory, the journalists were professionals with a high degree of self- autonomy, and the newspaper had been formally pledged implement a job of public service. What may be ethically influential about the most recent changes in the print industry is that these entities of autonomy and accountability are systematically being disbanded. The changes incorporate the introduction of new technology that lessens the level of skill needed of the company press workers. Nicholas Burbules (2000) theorized â€Å"From recent popular films such as ‘The Net’ or ‘Enemy of the State,’ to countless news features in the media, there is a growing sense of awareness of the vast implications of digital technologies for traditional assumptions about privacy. The volume of information that is instantly recorded whenever one uses a credit card, travels the Internet, visits a hospital or pharmacy, files a tax return, rents a film on video tape, and so onâ €”information that can be accessed by authorized and unauthorized persons alike—has changed the speed and ease with which much of one's personal life and activities (including the circumstances of one's very body) can be recorded and observed by others (p. 121)†. The photo journalist has the ethical responsibility to deliver the facts, not the lies. Philip Seib (Seib, 1994) observes â€Å"Political journalism matters. That's not just a reporter's ego speaking. It's a hard fact about how the political system works. Politicians' words and deeds earn few votes unless the public knows about them. Issues may seem obscure and unimportant unless news stories explain their significance. And, from another perspective, candidates can learn much about the electorate by monitoring what news organizations report, especially local media (p. 1)†. Normally, during the election season, many candidates are bound to depend on news coverage to win the discriminating residentsâ⠂¬â„¢ votes. More than 100 million Americans visit the polls during the seasonal presidential election. In addition, many bus tours and whistle-stop train trips have their quaint appeal, and, as was the case for Bill Clinton in 1992, this kind of campaigning can enter into a mutually beneficial bond with voters and set the tone for a new government candidate. However, in-person campaigning will not get a candidate in touch with the massive number of voters the political figure wants in order win the elusive senate,

Planet of Slums Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Planet of Slums - Essay Example The purpose of the report is to provide detailed analysis on reflection of the author on global slums and its ecological, economic, political and social consequences of urban poverty and the roots of slums in the post-modern time. The ambitious book of Mike Davies portrays a massive humanity exiled from the official economy of world and warehoused in shantytowns.The author discovers the future of an explosively unbalanced and radically incapable urban world. The rise of informal urban proletariat is also argued by Mike Davis. The author provides a global discussion about different aspects of slums. He also discuss about the diversity and necessity of housing across diverse lives of people. A number of different property arrangement and tenure in slums are also discussed in the book. The key objective of the book is to provide knowledge to readers about the transformation and growth of slums across the world. The major upheavals industrialization and imperialism are echoed by the contemporary third world urban poor. The core of the book resembled the painful moments due to industrialization in terms of conditions of living. The main argument presented by author is about negative aspects and roots of global slums. At start, the rising mega slums are being neglected by Davis from core program of political considerations. But, it can be realized from latter part of the book that author tries to provide vivid description of the cause of urban poverty on global scale. The author is looking in case of historical context and global scale rather than existing conditions and local governments (Davis 38). The influential book of Mike Davis is on the enormous growth of settlements all over the world. The overall purpose of the book is to provide a statement to the people that they are a planet of slums.The values of Davis is to provide statistical data and effective detailed analyzed work which can help readers to